Industrialisation Modernism and Architecture.

The Eiffel Tower and the Guggenheim Museum are both very unique structures and have both become famous  in their own right. The Eiffel Tower was a risque building for its era and has not only made its designer well known, but it has become a global icon for Paris. The Guggenheim has also put its city Bilbao on the map. It is not quite the worldwide icon as the Eiffel tower, though it has still very much increased the tourism for the city. It also resulted in its architect becoming well respected in the contemporary field. Both designers had the same will to push the architectural boundaries, though one was interested in gaining maximum height and one was interested in the complexity and attention to visual detail. Each design was very complex for the eras they were built. The material used to build the Eiffel Tower is different to what has been used to build the Guggenheim. This is due to their different purposes, as the Eiffel tower was focused on the height, resulting in it needing strong consistent materials to create it. The case of the Guggenheim, materials were considered due to there aesthetic appeal and the efficiency to create curves and contours as well as strength. The variance in materials is also due to what is on hand at the time as building materials were still being discovered at the time the Eiffel tower was built. Both structures are also features at night due to creative lighting, they have been built to be admired and will continue to bring added vibrancy and tourism to there cities in the future to come.

Industrialisation Modernism and Architecture.

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The Guggenheim is a museum built in a contemporary style, designed by the architect Frank Gehry. This building is very unique and pushes many architectural boundaries, which has made it one of the most famous contemporary structures in the world. It was built in 1997 and is considered to be an important part of architecture history. When designing the building the architect was inspired by the location, which is overlooking the port of the Nervion River. The designs incorporate some natural features, for example; the building " is intended to resemble a ship. Its brilliantly reflective titanium panels resemble fish scales, echoing the other organic life (and, in particular, fish-like) forms that recur commonly in Gehry's designs."
The contours and shapes used to construct this building are out of the norm and require experience and efficient plans to create successfully. Some materials used were; clad in glass, titanium and lime stone.
"Computer simulations of the building's structure made it feasible to build shapes that architects of earlier eras would have found nearly impossible to construct."
Frank Owen Gehry is a prize winning architect who became famous for his unique approach to architecture as he is interested in Deconstructivism designs. He has earned great respect world wide for his buildings and has been labeled by Vanity Fair as "the most important architect of our age"
The Guggenheim was built as an art museum and was intended to re vamp the city of Bilbao. Since its construction in 1997 it has become a worldwide tourist destination and has put the city of Bilbao on the map.

"the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao forever changed the way the world thinks about museums, and it continues to challenge our assumptions about the connections between art, architecture, and collecting".

http://www.guggenheim.org/bilbao
http://www.arcspace.com/architects/gehry/Guggenheim_Museum/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2007/oct/08/architecture.bilbao
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/bilbao/guggenheim_museum_bilbao.htm

Industrialisation Modernism and Architecture.

The Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower was Named after the engineer that had the initial idea and proposal for the structure, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. He became known as an engineer for building bridges and he also constructed the armature for the statue of liberty, New York City.
The plan for this structure needed to consider many different elements that could effect its stability; Wind, height, mass etc. The requirements for the structure where also that it could be easily dismantled if necessary.
"Fifty engineers and designers produced 5,300 drawings, and over 100 workers built more than 18,000 different parts of the tower in a workshop. Another 132 workers assembled them on site."
The structure consists of 2,500,5000 rivet's and 18,038 iron parts.  This iconic structure approximately weighs 10,000 tonnes, stands 324m tall and was built between 1887-1889. It is coated in roughly 40 tonnes of paint and has 1652 steps to the top. The estimated cost to build the tower is, 7,799,401.31 French gold francs of 1889.
The Eiffel Tower was built to be the arch for the Universal Exhibition, a world fair to mark the centenary of the french revolution. The tower has two restaurants, one on the first floor and one on the second .The towers use has developed over time and is now one of the most visited, paid for sites in the world. Over 200,000,000 people have visited the site since it was built. "From 1910 and on the Eiffel Tower became part of the International Time Service. French radio (since 1918), and French television (since 1957) have also made use of its stature". The first floor is also known for holding a skating rink every winter.

http://paris.eiffel-tower-faq.com/construction/
http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Landmarks/eiffel-history.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower
http://www.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://users.stargate.net/~iacas/images/eiffel.jpg

7. Landscape and the Sublime

6. Landscape and the Sublime

Richard Misrach's Photography makes me feel relaxed and free. The combination of aerial photography, relaxing colours and composition gives the feeling of meditation, almost as if you were flying. Misrach's photography very much so provokes the imagination. The crisp, uncluttered images leave room for us to fill our imagination with the delightful thoughts that arise from viewing these blissful pictures. The images leave us feeling in holiday mode and the happy emotions we generally relate to warm sandy beaches and cool blue water.

5. Landscape and the Sublime - Contemporary Artists

William Niell- Siltstone and Clouds 2002

Chinese Landscape Tatoo - Huang Yan 1999

Zang Huan - To Add 1 Meter to an Unknown Mountain 1995

http://www.artknowledgenews.com/Zhang_Huan.html
http://www.likeyou.com/en/node/25625

5. Landscape and the Sumblime - Artists of the Era

Landscape with Distant River and Bay Joseph Mallord William Turner 1840-50

John Constable

Harwick Ligh House - John Constable 1820

Tom Roberts A quiet day on Darebin Creek
[Merri Creek]




http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/turner/
http://arthistoryresources.net/ARTHLinks5.html#19century

4. Landscape and the Sublime

Richard Misrach - Outdoor Dinning

Richard Misrach - White Man Contemplating Pyramids, 19897

The subject Matter in Misrach's work displayed on cadi blog is made up of aerial photographs of beach and water. The photography also shows people swimming or standing on the beach. As the photos are taken from such height the people are very small and almost lost in the scenery, making the images of the beaches dominant. This use of subject matter connects this artist with the sublime. The colours of this natural environment create a very calm setting; this is also reinforced by the flat seas. The beaches are not busy and this gives us the feeling of bliss and ultimate relaxation also relating with the concepts of the sublime. 
The photos above are also different examples of how this artist creates the feeling that the world is standing still and how powerful and beautiful it can be, even in places you wouldnt expect to find beauty.

http://www.utata.org/salon/20487.php
http://jankesnergallery.com/jkgartists/misrach-richard.html

3. Landscape and the Sublime

Throughout the enlightenment people began to take notice of their everyday surroundings. This was evident in the paintings of this erra. Artists began to document common house hold objects and normal behaviour, rather than the traditional religious paintings. This approach furthermore developed into the sublime. The idea of taking a step back and looking at the beauty around you and appreciating it. "The sublime, therefore was the ultimate experience of divinity, a mixture of awe, fear, and the enlightenment produced by the contemplation of a powerful, terrifying nature"


http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/patten/sublime.html
Edmund burke, london 1865-1867

2. Landscape and the Sublime

The sublime was explored throughout the 19th Century. It is the concept of appreciating the natural beauty of our surrounding world. It was particularly focused on impressive images of scenery. For example painters would document the land in such a way it would make it seem fascinating and powerful.

1. Landscape and the Sublime

The enlightenment was an intellectual movement that developed throughout the 17th Century. There is some controversy over the dates of the enlightnment as there is no distinct 'end'. People of this era began to engage in thought more proactively to help understand the world. The "scientific revolution" is also associated  with the enlightenment. Scientists experimented with the idea that "Truth can be arrived at through empirical observation, the use of reason, and systematic doubt."  This approach was also evident in the art throughout this period as the painters had a more relaxed, less formal style and began to document common everyday objects rather than the traditional religious works.


http://www.enotes.com/history-fact-finder/eras-their-highlights/what-was-enlightenment
Hamilton P. (1992) The enlightenment and the birth of social science and birth
Hooker R. (1996)  Seventeenth Century Enlightenment thought.